18/08/2026
https://etimes.co.zw/analysis-zimbabwes-greatest-export-is-the-people-it-cannot-keep/ ’S history over the past sixty years reveals a nation forged in struggle, fractured by economic collapse, and sustained by the invisible hands of its scattered children. The two waves—Diaspora I (1960–1980) and Diaspora II (2000–2026)—represent fundamentally different epochs in the country’s journey, yet they share a common thread: Zimbabweans leaving home in search of something their homeland could not provide. The first wave, numbering approximately 100,000 young black , fled colonialism and sought military training in , , and . They returned with weapons, warfare experience, and a singular mission: liberation. Their legacy is independence itself. The second wave, now estimated at over 900,000 to 2 million Zimbabweans abroad, has fled economic hardship, unemployment, and political uncertainty. They have scattered across , the , the United States, and , becoming nurses, teachers, engineers and entrepreneurs. They send home over US$2 billion annually—the second-largest source of foreign currency after exports—sustaining households, financing education, and propping up a struggling economy. But this comparison, while useful, risks romanticising the first wave and normalising the second. The critique this submission invites is deeper: what have we lost, what have we gained, and what does this tell us about the kind of nation has become?
A critique of the diaspora narrative and its implications for national development By Tonderai Godknows Mapfumo Introduction: Two Waves, One Nation HARARE – ZIMBABWE’S migration history…