05/10/2020
I've had several people ask me why rates haven't gone down or some programs have been eliminated. Questions worth of explanations. Let's start with some background. When the CARE Act was signed into law, one of the provisions was that any borrower with a federally backed mortgage on a single-family property is eligible for a forbearance for up to 180 days if they request one from their lender (or servicer). The "federally backed" verbiage is key. Fannie and Freddie were taken over by the Federal Housing Finance Authority during the last financial crisis, meaning the U.S. Treasury backs all mortgages funded by Fannie and Freddie. As a result, the "risk" of default has been diminished to near zero thanks to this backing of the federal government.
When Fannie or Freddie buys loans from a lender, this comes with the expectation of cash flows from the borrower's monthly payments. For lenders, selling loans provides capital to fund mortgages for borrowers. When a loan goes into forbearance, the lender servicing the loan has to continue to advance four months of payments for principal and interest until the loan is paid off or foreclosed on. This is really hurting lenders servicing loans, as the lenders are forwarding four months of payments on mortgages for which they are collecting no payments, cutting deeply into their liquidity. Those payments that must be forwarded can no longer be used for funding other mortgages or any expenses the company incurs. Because lenders servicing loans have to enable a forbearance on any single-family mortgage that is back by the federal government, lenders do not want to make a loan today that will become a forbearance later in the month, or next month or the month after, since it takes a lender about a year of collecting payments to recoup the cost of originating and funding a mortgage.
So, what is the end result? Lenders look to mitigate risk by doing one or a combination of raising rates, lowering maximum loan amounts, and limiting loan programs that present higher risk in normal markets.