07/20/2022
Credit scores are supposed to evaluate how reliable you are at paying your bills, allowing lenders to charge higher interest rates for people with lower scores, but it’s not a perfect system. Some people have a low credit score without ever being late on a payment.
I had a client a few years ago that earned $500,000 a year, had money in the bank, and no history of late payments, but I couldn’t get him a mortgage because of his low credit score.
The algorithm used to calculate credit scores is proprietary, so we don’t know exactly how it works, but we have some good ideas about what affects it besides late payments.
My client had apparently done two things that the algorithm didn’t like. First, he was constantly opening new credit cards that offered zero percent interest and would transfer the balance from the old card and close it out. It wasn’t the balance that hurt him, it was the closing of the accounts. Length of established credit is important, and he had no open accounts more than 2 years old. He was in his 40’s, but the algorithm was treating him like a 20-year-old.
Then he had bought 3 cars for his business in the last 6 months. For each one, the dealership had shopped around with 3 or 4 lenders to find him the best deal, so he had 10 credit inquiries in a short period of time. When you have a credit inquiry, the algorithm apparently thinks each could be new debt you are taking on. So you can imagine that it may have viewed him as a 20 year old with 10 new credit cards. The credit bureaus don’t know your income or bank balances, so they don’t have the whole picture.
My client viewed himself as a savvy consumer; he could borrow money at zero interest by flipping credit cards, and he shopped around to get the absolute best deal on car financing, but it cost him the ability to finance the new home purchase.
Regarding closing old accounts, its fine to close out extra accounts you don’t use, but to keep your credit score up, keep an old account open to preserve the long-established credit history.
Another thing that the algorithm looks at is credit utilization, or the percentage of your balance to your credit limit. You probably pay off your credit cards in full each month, but your score can still be affected. The credit card company updates the credit bureaus with the balance on your last bill before you paid it. So if you run $5000 a month of your household expenses through your credit card to get those airline points, and your credit limit is $7500, you are over the 20% utilization that the algorithm likes to see. To fix this, you could just ask the credit card company to increase your limit to $20,000. (but don’t use this extra borrowing capacity to go into debt).
Because length of credit is important for your score and the resulting cost of borrowing, I started building my kids’ credit scores while they were still teenagers. I opened a no annual fee card jointly with each of them. I did not give them a card to use, but each month I would spend $10-$15 and pay it off. Not only did they have a good history of paying bills on time, but by the time they were in their 20’s, they had 5+ years of credit history. The idea being that it cost me nothing, but by the time they needed to finance something, they could get a lower interest rate because of the better credit score.
If you ever want to see what is actually on your credit report, you can do that for free once a year. Go to www.annualcreditreport.com. Just skip past the options to pay for your credit score and just make sure that the data they are storing is accurate. If you see any issues, they offer easy ways to dispute any incorrect information. Feel free to contact me for any questions on real estate financing.
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Feel free to contact me for any questions on real estate financing.