09/24/2026
If you bought a home in Tucson several years ago and it's worth significantly more now, you might be quietly dreading what happens when you eventually sell.
The tax math surprises a lot of people.
Federal tax law includes a provision most homeowners either don't know about or underestimate: the Section 121 exclusion. If you've owned and used your home as your primary residence for at least two of the past five years, you can exclude up to $250,000 of gain from federal capital gains tax. If you're married filing jointly, that exclusion doubles to $500,000.
That's not $250,000 in sale price - it's $250,000 in profit above what you paid (your adjusted cost basis, which includes your purchase price plus capital improvements).
To put numbers to it: a married couple who bought in 2016 for $200,000 and is selling today for $520,000 has a gain of roughly $320,000. The full amount is excluded. Federal capital gains tax on that sale: $0.
These limits were set in 1997 and have never been adjusted for inflation. Longtime owners in markets that have appreciated significantly are increasingly getting close to or past the cap - especially as single filers. Worth actually running the numbers before assuming you're comfortably under it.
A few things that affect how this works:
→ The 2-of-5-year rule. You need 24 months of ownership and 24 months of use as your primary residence, each within the past 5 years. They don't need to overlap - the clock counts total months, not consecutive ones.
→ Once every two years. The exclusion is available on each home sale, but not within two years of the last time you used it.
→ Former rentals have an additional layer. If you ever depreciated the home for rental income or a home office, that portion of gain is not excluded - it's taxed at up to 25% regardless of whether the rest qualifies.
→ Gains above the cap are taxed at long-term rates. For 2026, those rates are 0%, 15%, or 20% depending on your income.
Arizona also taxes capital gains at the state level, so the complete picture involves both federal and state math.
If you've been in your Tucson home for a while and have thought about selling in the next year or two, understanding the tax side now - before you make timing decisions - is worth doing.
What questions does this bring up? Drop them in the comments.or visit https://rapidcloserealty.com