09/02/2026
Most people think lenders look at how much debt you owe. They don't!
They look at what you pay every month. That one difference changes which debt you should pay off first, and most buyers guess wrong…
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📊 The math lenders actually run
Your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, is simple:
DTI = your total monthly payments (including the new house payment) ÷ your gross monthly income
Gross means before taxes. And notice what is missing from that formula: Your balances.
→ A $40,000 balance and a $4,000 balance can count the exact same if the monthly payment is the same.
So the question is never "how much do I owe?" It's "what payment shows up on my credit report?"
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🏦 The three types of debt, and how each one counts
→ Credit cards. Only the minimum payment counts, not the balance. A $6,000 balance with a $120 minimum adds $120 to your DTI. One catch: If your report shows no minimum payment at all, automated underwriting can plug in a percentage of your balance instead, which is usually worse for you.
→ Car loans and personal loans. The full fixed payment counts, every month, until the loan is gone. There is one useful exception. If you have roughly 10 payments or fewer left, that debt can often be left out of your DTI. Not always, and a very large payment may still count, but it's worth checking before you pay anything off.
→ Student loans. If your report shows a real payment, that payment counts. If it shows $0 because you're deferred, in forbearance, or on an income-driven plan, different loan programs handle it very differently. Some can use a documented $0. Others plug in a percentage of your balance instead, which can add hundreds of dollars of "debt" you don't actually pay. Same borrower, same file, different answer depending on the program.
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💡 Example: Why the smaller loan wins
Example only. Numbers are rounded to keep the math clear.
Buyer earns $7,500/month gross. Target house payment is $3,000.
Current debts:
- Credit card: $6,000 balance → $120 minimum
- Car loan: $9,500 left → $520/month
- Student loan: $28,000 balance → $85/month reported
Monthly debt = $725
DTI = ($3,000 + $725) ÷ $7,500 = 49.7%
Now, two choices:
Pay off the credit card ($6,000)
→ New DTI: 48.1%
→ Moved the needle 1.6 points
Pay off the car ($9,500)
→ New DTI: 42.7%
→ Moved the needle 7 points
Same buyer. The car cost more to pay off, but it bought almost five times more approval room. Meanwhile the $28,000 student loan, the scariest looking number on the list, was barely a factor.
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⚠️ Before you go pay something off
🛑 Don't drain your down payment or reserves to kill a debt. Cash in the bank is part of your approval too. Sometimes a slightly higher DTI with healthy savings is the stronger file.
🛑 Don't open anything new. A car loan, a furniture plan, or a personal loan taken 30 days before closing can undo everything. Lenders re-check your credit before funding.
🛑 Paying a card to zero doesn't mean closing it. Closing an old card can shorten your credit history and drop your score.
🛑 Don't refinance federal student loans into a private loan just to shrink a payment for DTI. You give up federal protections permanently for a short-term qualifying gain.
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The balance is what stresses you out. The payment is what the lender counts. Fix the payment.
Not sure which one of your debts is doing the most damage? Drop a 🏠 in the comments and I'll DM you a quick way to check it yourself, or send me your numbers and I'll run them with you!
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Entee Bui | NMLS #2079117 | Branch NMLS #2355707
*Subject to credit approval. Rates and terms subject to change without notice." or your firm's version.