02/11/2022
Some companies will offer new employees stock options as part of a retirement plan or as a sole retirement option. In order for this option to be available you must work for a company that has stock. If you work for a company that does have stock, your employer may offer you a “deal” to purchase stock in the company at a good price. Sometimes this price may be half the current market value. This still requires you to purchase the stock outright, but then instantly after purchase you have doubled your investment (if purchased at 50% the current market value). There is always a designated time frame for you to use your stock options.
The idea is for you to invest in your own company. As the company improves, so will your stock. If, however, the company fails or struggles, your stock will drop in value, ultimately hurting your retirement investment. Even though this can be a great buy, it’s quite risky.
An advantage of having stock options is that there is no specific age at which you can cash out your stocks. However, there are penalties now in place if you buy the stock and then sell it again within a short period of time. Understandably, employers will be disappointed if they give you stock options only to have you sell them shortly after being hired. Generally, when an employee sells his/her stock, it means there is or will be a termination of employment.
A disadvantage of stock options is that they are not tax-deferred. Initially, you will pay tax on the incentive part of your options. Let’s use an example for further explanation.
Let’s say your employer offers for you to buy stock at $50 a share when a share’s market value is $75. Your employer grants you up to 1,000 shares if you want it, but you elect only to purchase 100 shares. So you spent $5000, but instantly your shares are worth $7500. However, for your taxable income in that year, you must pay tax on the difference between the two. So by subtracting $7500 from $5000 you learn your additional taxable income. In this case you would see an additional $2500 on your W-2 at the end of the year. It would be reported as extra income granted to you during the year. Basically the IRS sees that you invested $5000 of your own money (money that was already taxed), but they see that your investment granted you $2500 that had not been taxed; therefore, the IRS will see it as taxable income.
In addition to paying tax when you initiate your stock options, you will also pay tax when you sell your stock. Depending on when you decide to sell, the tax will be slightly different, but you will pay tax nonetheless.
Stock options are not a bad investment, as much as it may seem so. Even though you pay tax on them twice, you will still most likely be ahead by a good amount of money considering you were able to buy the stock at a good price. The only time this wouldn’t be the case would be if the company struggled and your market shares dropped significantly.