11/09/2023
❗️ Part 8 ❗️
: Underground Railroad and Jamestown's Involvement
Young Jamestown began to awaken and stretch, to feel pride in the nation growing around her. All about, men, freeing themselves from the toil of pioneering and settlement, were becoming conscious, not only of their personal needs, but those of their town and nation. As communication increased, so did knowledge, knowledge of the way others lived, of their needs and problems. And along with awareness of a problem, came the American quality of “getting something done about it.”
Slavery was the problem. By 1850, Americans were doing something about it. And so was Jamestown.
The passage of the Fugitive Slave Law made it too dangerous for the slave, not only to attempt his escape from bo***ge, but to remain in the free states. Those who had previously escaped and were residing in a free country were no longer safe. They too had to seek refuge in Canada. With the passage of this law, a spontaneous secret combination of men and women opposed to slavery began assisting slaves in escape. This organization was known as the “Underground Railroad,” extending from slave states to Canada.
Four main lines are said to have passed through the State of New York, with many laterals, at least two through Chautauqua County. Along these routes were stations at convenient distances, most often the dwelling house of some friend of the salve, where he was kindly treated, fed and kept secret through the day. At night he passed on to the next station. This business was transacted with such profound secrecy and with such success, that thirty-five thousand fugitive slaves are said to have reached Canada from the slave states before the Civil War.
Jamestown, for several years commencing about 1850, was one of those Underground Railroad stopping places or stations. A colony of about one hundred [African Americans], some that were born free and some that were runaway slaves, lived in a part of town called Africa. Here, the fugitive found a safe haven until he could be sent forward to Ellington or some other station on the route to Buffalo and Black Rock. From there they crossed the Niagara River into Canada.
Among the citizens of Jamestown, Silas Shearman, Phineas Crossman, Dr. William Hedges, Varanes Page and Mrs. Catherine Harris were active in assisting the fugitive slaves, not only with contributions of money, but in bringing them to Jamestown, harboring them and then sending them on their way to freedom.