05/21/2014
May Melanoma/Skin Cancer Detection and Prevention Month
Your skin is the largest organ in your body. Your skin helps control your body's temperature, and it stores fat and water. It is made up of 2 main layers:
The epidermis is the top layer of your skin. It is mostly made up of flat cells called squamous cells. Deeper in the epidermis are round cells called basal cells. Among the basal cells are melanocytes. These are cells that give skin its color (pigment)
The dermis is the layer of skin under the epidermis. It is made up of many different types of cells, as well as oil glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.
Each type of skin cancer is named after the cells or layer of skin where the cancer started. The 3 common types of skin cancer are:
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma: The Basics
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer in the United States, especially in people with fair skin
Basal cell carcinoma grows slowly
It usually appears on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, scalp, neck, arms, and legs
Most basal cell carcinomas are treatable, especially if they are found early
In rare cases, basal cell carcinoma can become more serious. There are 2 kinds of advanced basal cell carcinoma:
Locally advanced basal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissue or lymph nodes
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma that has spread to other organs of the body and becomes deadly
Signs of Basal Cell Carcinoma
A bump or growth that can be:
Pearly or waxy
White or pink
Flesh-colored or brown
Flat or just slightly raised
A sore that bleeds easily or does not heal
A sore with a sunken area in the middle
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Basics
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer in the United States and the most common type of skin cancer in people with dark skin
Squamous cell carcinoma often grows on sun-exposed skin, such as the face, ears, neck, hands, and arms
If found early and treated, squamous cell carcinoma is highly likely to be cured
Squamous cell cancer may grow slowly but can spread to other parts of the body, including internal organs
Signs of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A bump or lump on the skin that can feel rough
A sore or scar that does not heal
A flat, reddish, scaly patch that grows slowly
Doing a self-check of your skin once a month at home can help you find changes in the way your skin looks or feels. Use a mirror to check for anything new on your skin, such as a new mole or changes to a mole you already have. Also, keep track of any sores that are not healing or any raised patches. Check every part of your body from head to toe. If you find anything unusual, talk with your doctor or healthcare provider about it.
In addition to doing self-checks, you should also have your skin checked regularly by your doctor or healthcare provider.
Only a doctor can diagnose skin cancer. To tell if a change in your skin is from skin cancer, your doctor may do a biopsy. He or she removes a small piece of skin, and it is checked under a microscope for skin cancer cells.
Talk with your doctor or healthcare provider to learn more about how to do an at-home skin check and about any other tests you may need.