20/09/2017
*PE ratio / book value n EPS in Doctori भाषा*
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Viru, Jai, Thakur and Gabbar start make a company and start hospital named *Basanti Hospital*
They contributed 4 crores to set up hospital (1 crore each)
Company issued 40 lacs shares of face value 10. (Share capital 4 crores).
Each investor has 10 lacs shares of Basanti Hospital (hereafter I will use term company )
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Company runs very well. Hospital is flooded with patients. Within one year ,company make profit of 1 crore.
Company *earning per share* become Rs 2.5 ( 1crore earning/ 40 lacs shares).
This is called as earning per share EPS.
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Management decide to give dividend Rs 1 per share. So ,40 lacs are distributed as dividend. Rs 60 lacs are retained by company to set up oncology unit, this is called as reserve.
So. Balance sheet of company shows.
Share capital = 4 crores
Reserve = 60 lacs.
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Second year
Company earns 1.2 crores.
It distribute 40 lacs dividend and retains 80 lacs in reserve.
At the end of second year.
Share capital 4 crores.
Reserve 1.4 crores.
EPS rs 3.
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Now understand two important concepts on which share market run.
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You know company networth at end of second year is 5.4 crores ( 4 cr plus 1.4 ).
If you calculate intrinsic value of each share, it comes around 13.5 (initially it was 10).
*This intrinsic value of each share is called book value*.
Basanti hospital ki charcha pure gao me hone lagi...
Now, gaowaale also want to buy shares.
Company is listed on stock market.
Although, instric value of each share is 13.5, company want to sell each share at Rs 20. Because there is good prospect.
IPO price is Rs 20.
Then everyone including Saambha, Kaliya, Mousi , Kareem Chacha buy shares at Rs 20.
Phir aaspaas ke gao me khabar phail jaati hai. They also want to buy shares of Basanti Hospital. They are willing to pay more price Rs 30 and buy shares from Sambha and others.
As More Gaowaale want to buy share, the share price hit Rs 100 within a year.
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In third year company makes 2 croes profit.
Earning per share rs 5 ( 2crores/40 lacs shares).
As Gaowaale has paid Rs 100 of each share.
Now, price to earning ratio is = market share price divided by earning per share.
PE ratio = 100/5
PE ratio = 20