19/08/2026
Turkey's transition from a Parliamentary system to a Presidential system under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has transformed the country's most independent institution into an instrument of political control over the opposition. This happened through a series of structural changes over the years starting from the 2010 constitutional amendments to the 2017 transition. This became increasingly evident with the arrest of leading opposition leaders and other activists who were against Erdogan. So, this shows that democratic backsliding in Turkey did not happen quickly. It occurred through a series of amendments and exploitation.
Read more in on "Executive Presidentialism and the Judicialisation of Opposition Politics in Turkey", by Gouri Deva V S, Research Intern, ICWA.
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