22/01/2026
Compliant Advice vs. Good Financial Advice?
When most people look to invest for retirement or invest personal monies, they are typically offered a suite of funds from life offices, each assigned an ESMA (European Securities and Markets Authority) risk rating on a scale from 1 to 7.
On paper, that sounds helpful, In practice, it often creates too much choice and too little clarity. Most mainstream Life offices such as Aviva, Zurich, New Ireland, and Irish Life tend to operate meaningfully within ESMA risk levels 1 through 6 so In truth, ESMA 7 rarely exists in practice with major life offices.
ESMA 1, 2, and 3 are extremely low-risk portfolios which realistically leaves ESMA 4, 5, and 6 for most long-term investors.
A simpler way to think about this is:
ESMA 4 → Lower-medium risk
ESMA 5 → Medium risk
ESMA 6 → Higher risk
The uncomfortable truth about low-risk funds, ESMA 1, 2, and 3 funds can absolutely have a place particularly where the time horizon is very short, or
a client explicitly states they want little or no risk however, over the long term, these funds typically deliver very modest returns. Once inflation and ongoing management charges are factored in, real growth can be minimal and in some cases, negative in real terms.
This creates a genuine dilemma for advisers.
It can be compliant to recommend a very low-risk fund but that does not always mean it is good financial advice.
Time horizon matters more than most people realise and when it comes to investing, time is your greatest ally.
As a broad rule of thumb:
5–10 years+ → ESMA 4
10–20 years+ → ESMA 5
20–30 years+ → ESMA 6
The longer the time horizon, the more volatility can be absorbed and the greater the potential impact of compounding returns over time.
Statistically, many clients will score a 3 or 4 following a standard risk-profiling questionnaire. An adviser could be wholly compliant in recommending a fund that mirrors that score exactly but the real question here is that the right outcome for you over the long term?
If you’d like an expert opinion on an existing pension plan, or guidance on setting one up properly from the start, feel free to get in touch.