01/12/2021
In the beginning, there was the Big Bang, and time began.
And the particles formed in its aftermath expanded into the new universe and began to form atoms of hydrogen and helium.
But, as every analytical chemist knows, nature abhors homogeneity and gravity pulled atoms together in swirling masses that would eventually collapse to form stars, which if sufficiently large, ignited and ‘burnt’ by converting hydrogen into helium with the release of massive amounts of energy.
If a star is large enough, then towards the end of its life, the process known as stellar nucleosynthesis allows heavier elements, such as carbon, oxygen and all the way to iron (atomic number = 26) to be created.
But the creation of heavier elements such as gold (atomic number = 79) requires much greater energies. These are found briefly when very large stars reach the end of their lives and explode as supernovae. The resulting dust and debris, which contains most of the stable elements in the periodic table, including a small percentage of gold, can in due course be recycled into new stars and planets such as our own sun’s solar system.
The remnants of one such supernova can be seen in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is located in the Milky Way (our own galaxy) around 11,000 light years from Earth. The image shown here has been put together by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center by combining various types of spectral information from different telescopes: gamma rays (magenta), X-rays (blue, green), visible light (yellow), infrared (red) and radio waves (orange). The enormity of the explosion is hinted at by the diameter of the remnants (approximately ten light years). This is more than twice the distance from our sun to the nearest star.
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Era: Pre-history