06/02/2026
Part III of our Fiduciary Reckoning series is published. This installment walks the public regulatory record of Merrill Lynch and Bank of America from 2014 to 2026.
The July 2023 enforcement record alone illustrates the structural pattern the series identifies. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Director called Bank of America "a repeat offender" in announcing $250 million in coordinated CFPB and OCC actions for opening credit card accounts without consumer consent since at least 2012, double-dipping non-sufficient funds fees, and withholding promised credit card reward bonuses.
The Merrill Lynch wealth management record runs in parallel. A June 2016 SEC settlement characterized at the time as the largest customer protection settlement in agency history. Merrill paid $415 million, admitted wrongdoing, and acknowledged that from 2009 to 2015 the firm held up to $58 billion per day of fully paid customer securities in accounts subject to liens by its clearing bank.
By Part III, the series has documented enforcement against three of the five firms it is covering.
Read the full piece: https://www.commonsllc.com/insights/the-fiduciary-reckoning-part-iii-the-public-record-on-merrill-lynch-and-bank-of-america
Fiduciary rhetoric is a marketing layer. The structure is what governs.