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10/28/2026
10/28/2026

Giacomo Prandelli

Daily Insights on Global Commodities Markets and Events | Commodity Trader | Founder of The Merchant’s News

🛢️Not all oil is worth the same.

🇨🇦A Canadian barrel sells for about $28 less than an American one.

The reason starts with what’s in the barrel.

Crude is graded on 2 things: how heavy it is (density) and how much sulphur it carries.

Canadian WCS and Venezuelan Merey are heavy and sour: thick, with a lot of sulphur.

Saudi Arab Medium and Russian Urals sit in the middle.

US WTI Midland from the Permian is light and sweet: thin, with very little sulphur.

All the above can become gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.

What changes is the work it takes to get there.

Heavy sour crude needs refineries with cokers and hydrotreaters to break it down and strip the sulphur.

Those units cost billions and only some refineries have them.

Most of the plants built for Canadian heavy sit in the US Midwest and Gulf Coast.

So Canada sells almost 9 in 10 exported barrels to one country, and to refineries designed around its crude.

That leaves little room to bargain.

The discount is the price of that dependence.

Someone collects that $28 on every barrel.

In my latest article I follow the money:

-which refiners turn cheap heavy crude into full-price diesel

-what Trans Mountain changed by opening a route to Asia

-why Pacific Link and the British Columbia vote matter for the discount

- companies sit on each side of the spread

10/28/2026

The US junk bond market is under severe pressure:
The effective yield on US CCC-rated and lower-rated high-yield corporate bonds is up to 18.0%, its highest level since the 2020 pandemic.

This figure has surged +500 basis points over the last 6 months, marking its largest 6-month increase since the 2022 bear market.

For perspective, this yield peaked at 45.0% during the 2008 Financial Crisis.

Meanwhile, credit spreads for CCC-rated and lower corporate bonds over Treasuries are up to 13.4%, the widest gap since July 2020.

Over the last 6 months, this gauge has risen +464 basis points, surpassing the 2022 bear market peak of 12.8%.

Cracks are widening beneath the surface of the credit market.

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