Baby Dreams, Singapore (2026)

31/01/2023

What is gestational diabetes?

If your glucose levels are too high, you may have gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that only pregnant women can get. Roughly 1 in 20 women have gestational diabetes during their pregnancy.

Here’s how it works: After you eat, your body turns the food in your stomach into glucose in your bloodstream. Your pancreas then chips in to help. It creates a hormone called insulin, which allows the glucose to go from your bloodstream and into your cells to give you a much-needed energy boost.

When you’re pregnant, your body needs more insulin than it usually does for this process to happen. If your pancreas can’t keep up, the glucose levels in your blood will get too high. This is gestational diabetes. Since your baby shares your bloodstream while in the womb, keeping your glucose levels under control will make sure your baby stays healthy, too.

27/10/2022

Different Types of Pregnancies

While pregnancy may seem like a simple term, there are different types of pregnancies. Most are a result of physical differences between women, but some are related to multiple egg release, among other reasons.

Intrauterine Pregnancies
These are the normal pregnancies, when the fetus or fetuses implant inside the uterus. The placenta is attached to the inside of the uterus, to the uterine muscle.

Ectopic Pregnancies and Tubal Pregnancies
Ectopic pregnancies occur when the fertilized egg implants in a place other than the fallopian tube or uterus. It can be in the neck of the uterus or in the abdomen. The pregnancy is not viable and the body will most likely spontaneously abort the fetus.

Tubal pregnancies occur when the fertilized egg implants in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus. These pregnancies are not viable and must be terminated if a miscarriage does not naturally occur.

Intra-Abdominal Pregnancies
Most intra-abdominal pregnancies occur after a previous C-section. The C-section scar may weaken and tear, allowing the fetus to slip into the abdominal cavity. The viability of the pregnancy will depend upon the gestational age of the fetus when the tear occurs. There have been cases of undetected intra-abdominal pregnancies that went to term, but a complete hysterectomy was needed after birth.

Singlet Pregnancies
Singlet pregnancies occur when one egg meets one s***m and one fetus develops.

Multiple Pregnancies
Multiples can occur as a result of multiple eggs being fertilized at the same time, when two s***m enter one egg or when one egg is fertilized by one s***m that divides into two zygotes. If more than one egg is fertilized, the pregnancies will result in fraternal twins. If one egg was fertilized by two s***m, fraternal twins will result. If one egg splits into multiple zygotes, identical twins will occur.

Natural multiples, including twins, triplets and quadruplets have been reported. During fertility treatments, multiples may be more likely and can create five or more fertilized and implanted fetuses.

Lupus Pregnancies
Pregnancies for women with lupus can be complicated by blood clotting. Lupus is an auto-immune disease.

High-Risk Pregnancies
Women over the age of 35, with diabetes and other health conditions that affect pregnancy or those pregnant with multiples may be considered high-risk due to increase risk of pregnancy complications. In some cases, the pregnancy may be termed high-risk of medications are required to control certain medical conditions that could affect the fetus. History of previous pregnancy complications could also cause high-risk pregnancies.

Molar Pregnancies
Complete molar pregnancies result in the placenta forming in the uterus without a fetus to support. Partial molar pregnancies occur when two s***m fertilize one egg, but two fetuses do not develop. The placenta is abnormal and the fetus has too many chromosomes. This always results in a spontaneous abortion as the fetus cannot develop safely.

This is a short, concise list of the types of pregnancies. Other terms commonly used by doctors include early pregnancy, first pregnancy and new pregnancy. These terms have nothing to do with the fetus or physical differences between pregnant women, they are only used to describe pregnancies and where a woman is in the pregnancy.

01/03/2021

What causes puerperal infection?
A puerperal infection occurs when bacteria infect the uterus and surrounding areas after a woman gives birth. It's also known as a postpartum infection.

How does infection cause septic shock?
Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that happens when your blood pressure drops to a dangerously low level after an infection. Any type of bacteria can cause the infection. Fungi such as candida and viruses can also be a cause, although this is rare. At first the infection can lead to a reaction called sepsis.

What are the complications of puerperal sepsis?
Conclusion: Common risk factors were anaemia; suboptimal personal hygiene as well as improper sterilization which resulted in severe health hazards such as septicemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation as well as death.

What are the symptoms of a puerperal infection?

Symptoms and signs may include:

fever
pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis caused by a swollen uterus
foul-smelling vaginal discharge
pale skin, which can be a sign of large volume blood loss
chills
feelings of discomfort or illness
headache
loss of appetite
increased heart rate
Symptoms may take several days to appear. Sometimes infections may not be noticeable until after you have left the hospital. It’s important to look for signs of an infection even after you have been discharged.

How are puerperal infections caused?

Postpartum infections are less common since the introduction of antiseptics and penicillin. However, skin flora such as Streptococcus or Staphylococcus and other bacteria still cause infections. These thrive in moist and warm environments.

Postpartum infections often start in the uterus after delivery. The uterus can become infected if the amniotic sac becomes infected. The amniotic sac the membranes that contain the fetus.

01/03/2021

What is a congenital cataract?
A congenital cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye that is present at birth. The lens of the eye is normally clear.

Do congenital cataracts get worse?
Congenital cataracts can continue to develop, although this normally takes months to years. The ophthalmologist would assess how much the cataract is affecting your child's vision and then discuss treatment with you if they feel it is needed.

Can congenital cataract cause blindness?
Cataracts in children can cause blindness if they aren't treated. Your child may be born with a cataract (congenital). Or it may develop later in life (acquired). Symptoms include cloudy or blurry vision, eyes that are not aligned, and eye movements that can't be controlled.

Can babies with cataracts see?
A baby with a cataract can't see well through the affected eye. This makes it hard for the brain and eyes to work together, which they must do to develop normal sight and properly control eye movements.

01/03/2021

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a disorder of young infants caused by hypertrophy of the pylorus, which can progress to near-complete obstruction of the gastric outlet, leading to forceful vomiting.

What is congenital pyloric stenosis and how is it treated?
In surgery to treat pyloric stenosis (pyloromyotomy), the surgeon makes an incision in the wall of the pylorus. The lining of the pylorus bulges through the incision, opening a channel from the stomach to the small intestine. Surgery is needed to treat pyloric stenosis.

pyloric stenosis life threatening?
Although this condition is ultimately treated surgically, it may present as a medical emergency due to electrolyte derangements.

Can a baby grow out of pyloric stenosis?
Long-term outlook. Pyloric stenosis is unlikely to reoccur. Babies who have undergone surgery for pyloric stenosis should have no long-term effects from it.

01/03/2021

What Is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a problem with the way a baby's hip joint forms. Sometimes the condition starts before the baby is born, and sometimes it happens after birth, as the child grows. It can affect one hip or both.

Most infants treated for DDH develop into active, healthy kids and have no hip problems.

What Happens in a Hip With Developmental Dysplasia?
The hip joint is a ball and socket joint. The top part of the thighbone (the ball part of the hip) sits inside a socket that's part of the pelvic bone. The ball moves around in different directions, but always stays inside the socket. This lets us move our hips front, back, and side to side. It also supports our body weight for walking and running.

In DDH, the hip does not form well. The ball part of the joint may be completely, or partly, out of the socket. Sometimes the ball part may slide in and out of the socket. Often, the socket is shallow. If this is not fixed, the hip joint will not grow well. This can lead to pain with walking and hip arthritis at a young age.

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?
Developmental dysplasia of the hip doesn't cause pain in babies, so can be hard to notice. Doctors check the hips of all newborns and babies during well-child exams to look for signs of DDH.

Parents could notice:

The baby's hips make a popping or clicking that is heard or felt.
The baby's legs are not the same length.
One hip or leg doesn't move the same as the other side.

The skin folds under the buttocks or on the thighs don't line up.
The child has a limp when starting to walk.
Babies with any of these signs should see a doctor to have their hips checked. Finding and treating DDH early usually means there's a better chance for a baby's hips to develop normally.

01/03/2021

What causes babies to have heart defects?
It is caused by abnormal formation of the heart during growth in the womb. In most cases, when a baby is born with a congenital heart defect, there is no known reason for it. Some types of congenital heart defects can be linked to an abnormality in the number of a baby's chromosomes.

Some congenital heart defects may have a genetic link, either occurring due to a defect in a gene, a chromosome abnormality, or environmental exposure, causing heart problems to occur more often in certain families. Most atrial septal defects occur sporadically (by chance), with no clear reason for their development.

Can atrial septal defect be cured?
Through an incision in the chest, surgeons use patches to close the hole. This procedure is the only way to repair primum, sinus venosus and coronary sinus atrial defects. This procedure can be done using small incisions (minimally invasive surgery) and with a robot for some types of atrial septal defects.

Does ASD close by itself?
The most common type of ASD may close on its own as your child grows. Once an ASD is diagnosed, your child's cardiologist will check your child to see if the defect is closing on its own. An ASD will usually be fixed if it has not closed by the time a child starts school.

When should an ASD be closed?
Up to 40% of secundum ASDs close on their own by adulthood. If the ASD remains but is small, closure is usually not recommended. However, if you develop symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty breathing, stroke, atrial fibrillation, or PH, or if your right ventricle becomes enlarged, repair may be considered.

01/03/2021

Truncus arteriosus is a birth defect of the heart. It occurs when the blood vessel coming out of the heart in the developing baby fails to separate completely during development, leaving a connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Truncus arteriosus is a serious condition. Unless it is treated, it usually results in death within the first year of life. Truncus arteriosus is treated with surgery, which is often successful, especially if it is performed before the infant is two months old.

Truncus arteriosus happens when there is an abnormal connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Truncus arteriosus causes oxygen-poor (blue) blood and oxygen-rich blood to mix and to be pumped to the body.

What causes babies to have heart defects?
It is caused by abnormal formation of the heart during growth in the womb. In most cases, when a baby is born with a congenital heart defect, there is no known reason for it. Some types of congenital heart defects can be linked to an abnormality in the number of a baby's chromosomes.

07/02/2021

4 Types of placenta previa are classified according to the degree of the opening that is covered by the placenta.

Types of Placenta Previa

1. Low lying placenta. The placenta implants in the lower portion instead of the upper portion of the uterus.

2. Marginal implantation. The placenta’s edge is nearing the cervical os.

3. Partial placenta previa. A portion of the cervical os is already covered by the placenta.

4. Total placenta previa. The placenta occludes the entire cervical os.

Signs and Symptoms

The following signs and symptoms for placenta previa must be detected immediately by the health care providers to avoid risking the life of the fetus.

- Bright red bleeding. When the placenta is unable to stretch to accommodate the shape of the cervix, bleeding will occur suddenly that could frighten the woman.

- Painless. Bleeding in placenta previa is not painless and may also stop as abruptly as it had begun.

Diagnostic Tests

To diagnose placenta previa, the patient must undergo the following diagnostic procedure.

1. Ultrasound. Early detection of placenta previa is always possible through ultrasonography. It is the most common and initial diagnostic test that could confirm the diagnosis.
Medical Management

2. Medical interventions are necessary to ensure that the safety of both mother and fetus are still intact.

3. Intravenous therapy. This would be prescribed by the physician to replace the blood that was lost during bleeding.

4. Avoid vaginal examinations. This may initiate hemorrhage that is fatal for both the mother and the baby.

5. Attach external monitoring equipment. To monitor the uterine contractions and record fetal heart sounds, an external equipment is preferred than the internal monitoring equipment.
Surgical Management

6. Surgical interventions are carried out once the condition of both the mother and the fetus has reached a critical stage and their lives are exposed to undeniable danger.

7. Cesarean delivery. Although the best way to deliver a baby is through normal delivery, if the placenta has obstructed more than 30% of the cervical os it would be hard for the fetus to get past the placenta through normal delivery. Cesarean birth is then recommended by the physician.

07/02/2021

Parenting Tips: Growing up from newborn baby to 10months old baby..

04/01/2021

How early can a pregnancy test show an accurate reading?

Pregnancy tests are very advanced. Most will give you an accurate result on the first day of your missed period. Some newer tests are even more sensitive and can be used before you miss your period — as early as four days before your period is due.

Different people have different reactions to the idea that they might be pregnant. Whatever your feelings are, you can prepare for the future by learning about the early signs and symptoms of pregnancy.

If you want to find out if you’re pregnant for sure, you’ll need to get a testing kit. You can buy a pregnancy test at most drugstores and pharmacies or order one online.

Many of the early signs of pregnancy are very similar to those you’d experience around the time of your period. None of these early signs of pregnancy can determine that you’re pregnant for sure. You’ll need to take a pregnancy test if you want to confirm that you’ve conceived. 😊

04/01/2021

The heightened sense of smell during pregnancy is also caused by hormones – most likely because of a change in estrogen levels. It’s normal ladies, don’t worry you are not the only one..

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