03/12/2025
Alpha Capital recently released a detailed report covering Pakistan Economy, with a focus on inflation, currency and interest rates. Key ideas are summarized below
Inflation Risk: Real or Just a Fear?
Main Thesis:
Pakistan can manage a 4-5% PKR depreciation without triggering significant inflation
Key Supporting Factors:
1. Food Inflation Buffer (Food basket weight: 34.6% of CPI)
- Domestic food prices already 26.5% above global index
- World Bank forecasts global food prices to decline 6.1% in 2025 and 0.3% in 2026
- Limited pass-through risk from PKR depreciation
2. NFNE Inflation (NFNE weight: 55% of CPI)
- Currently 5.5% below global levels
- Maximum impact on CPI: 3.1%
- Historical convergence takes ~10 years, limiting short-term risk
3. Global Commodity Outlook
- World Bank expects 7% decline in commodity prices in both 2025 & 2026
- Unlike previous cycles, no global commodity upswing
- Stable oil, wheat, and edible oil prices
4. Macro Stability Improved
- FX reserves: $14.5bn (2.5 months import cover)
- Policy rate: 11% (down from peak)
- Current account deficit narrowing
- Inflation: 6.2% YoY (Oct-25)
Benefits of Controlled Depreciation:
✅ Export Competitiveness: Lower REER (currently 103.95, should be 90-100) boosts exports
✅ Remittance Inflows: Historical data shows weaker rupee attracts more remittances
✅ Import Control: Reduces non-essential imports automatically
Currency Valuation:
- Current REER at 103.95 indicates overvaluation
- Historical fair value range: 90-100
- Pakistan's REER above most export competitors
Interest Rate Outlook:
- Expect rates to remain stable for remainder of FY26
- Minor cuts of 100-150 bps possible in FY27
- Core inflation at 7.5%, real rate at 3.5%
Investment Implications:
- Hot money flows sensitive to REER valuation
- Current overvaluation yields negative real returns (-1.44%)
- Post-depreciation scenario could offer positive real returns (2.62%)
Bottom Line:
Unlike previous cycles, Pakistan's current macroeconomic position allows for strategic currency depreciation without destabilizing inflation, while potentially boosting exports, remittances, and external account balance.