16/08/2025
儲能行業見聞分享02
近年來，儲能電池在中國內地及許多地區日益普及，但在澳門卻相對少見，原因在於儲能的幾個關鍵用途在澳門並不適用。
首先是「平儲貴用」對工商業場使用者所而言，這主要是為了節省電費；而對整個區域來說，則是用來優化整個區域的供電結構。
要實施這一策略，需滿足以下幾個條件：
- 供電地區需設有每天峰、谷電價制度，例如中國大陸、澳洲、瑞典、德國、美國、法國、芬蘭、印度、英國、克羅地亞、捷克等國家（澳門沒有）。而且峰谷值價差要足夠大；以及工業或商業場所的用電模式需相對穩定，例如固定的生產線或商場。
以廣東省為例，峰時電價為每千瓦時1.318元（每度電），而谷時可低至0.3元。企業可在晚上21:00至翌日早上08:00期間，以低廉電價儲電，並在白天電價較高的時段釋放電力，從而減少從電網購電的成本。
部分地區的峰谷時段劃收費分再細緻一些，例如廣州市中午12:00至14:00的電價也相對較低，便可採取「一天充兩次、放兩次」的策略，從而降低儲能設備所需的容量及投資。
第二個在澳門不太適用的儲能常見應用場景，是提升再生能源的使用效率。
- 微觀層面：
再生能源如風能與太陽能的發電受天氣與時間影響，存在不連續性（例如夜間無陽光、風速不穩定）。以中國大陸為例，每年約有 3–5% 的再生電力因供需錯配而無法有效利用。儲能系統可在發電過剩時儲存電力，並於需求高峰或發電不足時釋放，從而提升整體利用率。
- 宏觀層面：
儲能系統具備快速響應電網的能力，能提供頻率調節、電壓支援等輔助服務，有助於減緩因再生能源波動所造成的電網不穩定。此外，亦可透過大型電池儲能站（如 Megapack）進行區域電網的調峰管理。
EN➜
In recent years, energy storage batteries have become increasingly common in mainland China and many other regions. However, they remain relatively rare in Macao, largely because several key applications of energy storage are not well-suited to the local context.
One major use is "store when cheap, use when expensive"—a strategy aimed at reducing electricity costs for commercial and industrial users, and at improving the overall efficiency of regional power supply systems.
To implement this approach effectively, several conditions must be met:
- The region must have a time-of-use electricity pricing system, with clear peak and off-peak rates—such as those found in mainland China, Australia, Sweden, Germany, the US, France, Finland, India, the UK, Croatia, and the Czech Republic. Macao does not currently have such a system.
- The price difference between peak and off-peak hours must be significant.
- Electricity usage patterns in industrial or commercial settings should be relatively stable, such as in factories with fixed production lines or shopping centres.
Take Guangdong Province as an example: peak electricity rates can reach ¥1.318 per kWh, while off-peak rates drop to as low as ¥0.30. Businesses can store electricity during the cheaper hours—typically from 9:00pm to 8:00am—and use it during the day when prices are higher, helping to reduce grid electricity costs.
In some areas, the time-of-use pricing is even more refined. For instance, in Guangzhou, rates are lower between 12:00pm and 2:00pm, allowing for a “charge twice, discharge twice” strategy. This approach can reduce the required storage capacity and overall investment.
The second common use of energy storage - improving the efficiency of renewable energy s not particularly applicable in Macao.
- On a micro level:
Renewable sources like wind and solar are intermittent, affected by weather and time (e.g. no sunlight at night, unstable wind speeds). In mainland China, for instance, around 3–5% of renewable electricity goes unused each year due to mismatches between supply and demand. Storage systems can capture excess power when generation is high and release it during peak demand or low generation periods, improving overall utilisation.
- On a macro level:
Energy storage can respond quickly to grid fluctuations, offering services like frequency regulation and voltage support. This helps stabilise the grid when renewable output varies. Large-scale battery systems—such as Megapack—can also be used for regional load shifting and peak shaving.
