04/05/2017
ဘဏ္လုပ္ငန္းဆိုသည္မွာ စုေငြအပ္သူမ်ား၏ စုေဆာင္းေငြမ်ားကို လက္ခံ၍ ၄င္းစုေဆာင္ေငြမ်ားထဲမွာ Minimum Reserved သတ္မွတ္ထားေသာ ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းကို ဗဟိုဘဏ္တြင္ထိန္းသိမ္းထားၿပီး က်န္စုေဆာင္းေငြမ်ားကို ဘဏ္ေခ်းေငြအျဖစ္ ထုတ္ေပးလွ်က္ရွိပါသည္။
သို႕ျဖစ္ပါ၍ စုေဆာင္းသူမ်ားမွ ၄င္းတိုစုေဆာင္းထားေသာ စုေငြမ်ားကို အစုလိုက္အျပံဳလိုက္ ခ်က္ျခင္းျပန္ထုတ္ယူပါက ဘဏ္လုပ္ငန္းအတြက္ ခက္ခဲႀကီးမားေသာ ျပသနာကို ရင္ဆိုင္ရဖြယ္ရွိၿပီး ဘဏ္စနစ္တခုလံုး ျပိဳကြဲသြားႏိုင္ပါသည္။
Bank Run ကိုကာကြယ္ရန္ အေျခခံအားျဖင့္ ေအာက္ပါနည္းအတိုင္း က်င့္သံုးလွ်က္ရွိပါသည္။
၁။ ဘဏ္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကို ေႏွာင့္ေႏွးေအာင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေစျခင္း
- လူအမ်ားႀကီးကို တန္းစီခိုင္းၿပီး ပမာဏအနည္းငယ္ကိုသာ ထုတ္ယူေစျခင္းျဖင့္ ဘဏ္လုပ္ငန္းတေန႕တာကို ကုန္ဆံုးေစျခင္း
(ရည္ညႊန္းပါ လင့္ခ္တြင္ ဖတ္ပါ)
၂။ ဘဏ္မွ ျပင္ပေခ်းေငြမ်ား ရယူျခင္း
- ကနဦးရက္ပိုင္းမ်ားတြင္ ထုတ္သေလာက္ပမာဏကို ျပည့္မွီေအာင္ထုတ္ေပးႏိုင္ရန္ ေခ်းေငြရယူ၍ စီစစ္ထုတ္ေပးျခင္းျဖင့္ ေနာက္ပိုင္းရက္မ်ားတြင္ ေငြစုေဆာင္းသူမ်ား၏ ယံုၾကည္မႈကို ျပန္လည္ရယူႏိုင္ျခင္း
၃။ စုေဆာင္းေငြအာမခံစနစ္ တည္ေဆာက္ျခင္း (Insure peoples' deposits)
- လူထု၏ စုေဆာင္းေငြမ်ားအတြင္ အာမခံလုပ္ငန္းႏွင့္ပူးေပါင္း၍ စုေငြအာမခံစနစ္ကို အသံုးျပဳျခင္းျဖင့္ ေငြစုေဆာင္းသူမ်ားအတြက္ ခိုင္မာေသာ စိတ္ခ်ယံုၾကည္မႈကို ျပန္လည္ရယူႏိုင္ပါသည္။
သို႕ျဖစ္ပါ၍ ေကာလဟာလမ်ားကို ခ်င့္ခ်ိန္ၿပီးမွ ယံုၾကည္ၾကကုန္အ့ံ။ ယခုျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရွိဘဏ္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားအတြင္ အေတာ္အသင့္ပင္ခိုင္မာေသာ အာမခံခ်က္မ်ား ရွိေနပါၿပီ။
Ref: (How to Stop a Bank Run)
http://www.npr.org/…/154719542/three-ways-to-stop-a-bank-run
There's a slow-motion bank run happening in Europe, as depositors move their money from financially troubled countries like Greece and Spain to stronger countries like Germany.
Banks take depositors' money and lend it out. So even a strong bank is in trouble if all the depositors suddenly decide to pull their money out. A full-blown run can sink a bank in an afternoon.
Once a run starts, there are basically three ways to stop it.
1. Slow it down
In the 19th century, when bank runs were common in the U.S., banks who feared a run would have employees and relatives line up in front of the tellers and make tiny deposits or withdrawals, to pass the time until the bank closed.
2. Borrow money
People rush to withdraw their money from the bank when they're afraid the bank is about to run out of money. So if the bank can borrow a bunch of money, that usually stops the run.
3. Insure peoples' deposits
Deposit insurance started in the U.S. during the Great Depression, and it persists today. That's why you see the letters "FDIC" on the door of every bank in the country today. It's a promise that even if the bank goes under, the government will guarantee that ordinary people get their money back. This promise alone has ended bank runs almost entirely.
There is deposit insurance in Europe today. But it's issued by individual governments. So if people are worried that the government itself might run out of money, even deposit insurance may not be enough to prevent a run.
Ref:
http://www.npr.org/…/154719542/three-ways-to-stop-a-bank-run
There's a slow-motion bank run happening in Europe, as depositors move their money from financially troubled countries like Greece and Spain to stronger countries like Germany.
