14/02/2023
8. FERTILISATION
The tomato is a heavy feeder of plant nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and it responds well to organic fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer applied is influenced by fertility status of the soil, season and the cultivar.
The main foods required by plants are nitrogen (N), phosphorus, (P) and potassium (K) with smaller quantities of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and Sulphur (S). They also require small amounts of trace elements, including iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The fertilizer should be spot placed 10 cm from the plant, at 10cm deep.
*Nitrogen (N): tomatoes have a moderately high need for nitrogen. Nitrogen is for promoting rapid growth of the green parts of the plant and for a better flower and fruit set. Compost is a good slow release nitrogen source.
A minimum of 250 kg per hectare of nitrogen is recommended in high rainfall areas or for high production. Apply 50% of required Nitrogen (N) when you transplant. Follow it up with 10% 1 week later, 20% when first fruit cluster and last 20% when first fruit starts turning red. Apply only the recommended nitrogen, excessive fertilizing with nitrogen can delay maturity and make your plants more attractive to pests like aphids
*Phosphorus (P): They require phosphorus for root growth as well as helping with ripening fruits. All the recommended phosphorus should be applied during or near transplanting as part of starter solution. Bonemeal is a good source of phosphorus.
*Potassium (K): Tomatoes require high levels of potassium. Adequate levels of potassium result in improved colour, taste, firmness, sugars, acids and solids of the fruit. Plant cells are also strengthened. A minimum of 100 kg of potassium should be applied per hectare. Phosphorus promotes root development, early flowering and fruit set and ensures more vigorous growth. A total of 40 to 60 kg of phosphorus per hectare is suggested in soils with a built-up of the nutrient.
Tomatoes also require micronutrients for growth and development.If soil tests show deficiencies of magnesium then lime is sometimes recommended.
*Fertigation: which is the application of water-soluble fertilizers through drip irrigation, is a cost-effective way of applying fertilizers to crops. This method cuts down on labor, improves precision and reduces fertilizer run-off.
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