Navira FinSight Advisory - NFSA

14/05/2026

12/05/2026

29/04/2026

📢 ট্যাক্স সহায়তা সেবা

ট্যাক্স নিয়ে দুশ্চিন্তা করবেন না — আমরা আছি আপনার পাশে।
আপনার ট্যাক্স সংক্রান্ত সব সমস্যার সহজ ও নির্ভরযোগ্য সমাধান দিতে আমাদের সেবা চালু হয়েছে। ফাইলিং, হিসাব বা নিয়ম বুঝতে না পারলে কোনো ভয় বা চাপ নেওয়ার দরকার নেই।
✔ সহজভাবে সহায়তা
✔ নিরাপদ ও বিশ্বস্ত সেবা
✔ আপনার তথ্য সম্পূর্ণ গোপন রাখা হবে

আজই যোগাযোগ করুন এবং ট্যাক্সের ঝামেলা থেকে মুক্ত থাকুন।

11/04/2026

A provision in accounting is a liability of uncertain timing or amount. While you know you will likely have to pay or lose value, you have to estimate exactly how much and when.
In the context of the deferred tax examples we've discussed, a provision is often the "starting point" for why tax and accounting books differ.

The Accounting Impact
Under accounting standards (like IAS 37), you must record a provision as soon as an obligation is "probable" and can be "reliably estimated."

Income Statement: It is recorded as an expense, which reduces your accounting profit immediately.

Balance Sheet: It appears as a liability.

09/04/2026

Deferred tax is an accounting concept used to reconcile the difference between the accounting profit reported in a company's financial statements and the taxable profit calculated for tax authorities. It arises because tax laws and accounting standards often differ on when income or expenses should be recognized.

Types of Deferred Tax
Deferred Tax Asset (DTA):
Occurs when a company has overpaid taxes or paid them in advance compared to its accounting records.
Represents a future tax benefit that can be used to reduce taxable income in later periods.
Commonly caused by tax loss carryforwards, where current losses are used to offset future profits.
Deferred Tax Liability (DTL):
Occurs when a company underpays taxes in the current period compared to what is shown on its income statement.
Represents a future tax obligation—taxes that are owed but not yet payable.
Often results from accelerated depreciation, where tax laws allow faster write-offs for assets than accounting rules do.

Key Concepts
Temporary Differences: These are the discrepancies between the carrying amount of an asset or liability on the balance sheet and its "tax base" (the value assigned for tax purposes). They are expected to reverse over time.
Permanent Differences: These are items recognized for accounting but never for tax (or vice versa), such as certain fines or tax-exempt income. These do not create deferred tax.
Balance Sheet Presentation: Under IAS 12, deferred tax assets and liabilities are typically classified as non-current items.

Why It Matters
Matching Principle: It ensures that the tax expense matches the related accounting income in the same reporting period.
Transparency: It helps investors understand a company’s future tax obligations and cash flow impact.
Financial Planning: DTAs and DTLs act as indicators for future tax reliefs or cash outflows.

08/04/2026

IAS 8 (Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors) is the standard that ensures a company's financial statements are consistent, reliable, and comparable over time.

The Three Pillars of IAS 8
Category
Accounting Policies
The specific principles and rules (e.g., choosing the cost model vs. revaluation model).
Retrospective: Restate all prior periods as if the new policy always existed.

Accounting Estimates
Adjustments based on new information, such as revising a warranty provision or an asset's useful life.
Prospective: Apply only to the current and future periods; do not change past figures.

Prior Period Errors
Omissions or misstatements (e.g., a math error or fraud) found in earlier financial statements.
Retrospective: Correct the error by restating the prior periods' comparative figures.

08/04/2026

Contingent Liabilities vs. Assets
The standard distinguishes between recognized provisions and items that are only disclosed in the notes to the accounts:

Contingent Liability: A possible obligation that is not recognized on the balance sheet because it isn't probable or can't be measured reliably. These are only disclosed unless the chance of outflow is remote.

Contingent Asset: A possible asset that may arise from past events (e.g., a pending lawsuit). These are never recognized and only disclosed if an inflow is probable, ensuring financial prudence.

Common Applications
Onerous Contracts: Contracts where unavoidable costs exceed expected benefits; these require an immediate provision for the full loss.
Restructuring: Provisions are recognized only once a detailed formal plan exists and has been communicated to those affected.
Decommissioning: Future costs to remove assets (like oil rigs) are capitalized as part of the asset cost and recognized as a liability.

07/04/2026

Individual Income Tax Slabs (AY 2026–27)
For general taxpayers, the tax-free income limit increases to Tk 375,000.

Annual Taxable Income (BDT) Tax Rate (%)
First Tk 375,000 Nil
Next Tk 300,000 10%
Next Tk 400,000 15%
Next Tk 500,000 20%
Next Tk 2,000,000 25%
On Remaining Balance 30%

Higher Exemption Limits by Category
Special groups receive higher tax-free thresholds for AY 2026–27:
Women & Seniors (65+): Tk 425,000.
Physically Challenged & Third Gender: Tk 500,000.
Gazetted War-Wounded Freedom Fighters: Tk 525,000.
"July Warriors" (Injured in 2024 uprising): New category with a Tk 525,000 limit.
Parents of Disabled Children: Additional Tk 50,000 exemption per child.

Key Policy Changes
Unified Minimum Tax: If taxable income exceeds the exemption limit, a flat Tk 5,000 minimum tax applies regardless of location.
New Taxpayers: First-time filers pay a reduced minimum of Tk 1,000.
Standard Deduction: The maximum allowable deduction for salaried employees increased from Tk 450,000 to Tk 500,000.
Investment Rebates: Rebates are calculated as the lower of 3% of taxable income, 15% of actual investment, or Tk 1 million.
Environmental Surcharge: The surcharge for owning multiple motor vehicles is withdrawn for electric vehicles starting in AY 2026–27.
Agricultural Income: Up to Tk 500,000 of annual agricultural income is tax-free.

Corporate Tax Updates
Non-Listed Companies: The tax rate increases to a flat 27.5%.
Listed Companies: Taxed at 20% if shares exceeding 10% of paid-up capital are listed and all transactions occur via bank transfer; otherwise, the rate is 22.5%.
One Person Companies (OPC): Rate rises to 27.5% for AY 2026–27.
Educational Institutions: Private universities and medical/IT colleges are taxed at a reduced 10% rate.

06/04/2026

Bangladesh Tax System

Taxation is managed by the National Board of Revenue (NBR).

1. Income Tax (Personal)
Applies to individuals, firms, and companies.
Based on annual income.
Progressive rates (increase with income).

Example (recent structure):

Up to a certain threshold → No tax
Then gradually: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%

Tax-free limit varies depending on:

Gender
Age (senior citizens get higher exemption)
Special categories (freedom fighters, disabled persons)

2. Corporate Tax
Companies pay tax on profits.
Rates depend on company type:
Listed companies → lower rates
Banks, insurance, telecom → higher rates

3. VAT (Value Added Tax)
Standard rate: 15%
Applied to goods and services
Collected at different stages of production/distribution

4. Supplementary Duty (SD)
Extra tax on luxury or harmful goods
Example:
Ci******es
Alcohol
Luxury cars

5. Customs Duty
Charged on imports and exports
Rates vary depending on product category.